Gastrointestinal Pharmacology by Beverley Greenwood-Van Meerveld

Author:Beverley Greenwood-Van Meerveld
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer International Publishing, Cham

6 Impact of Early Life Stress on the B-G-M Axis-Implications for IBS and Co-morbid Psychiatric Disease

Several animal models of IBS have been developed including early life colon irritation both physical and chemical (Al-Chaer et al. 2000; Moloney et al. 2015), adult stress-induced hypersensitivity to colorectal distension (CRD) (Gue et al. 1997; Moloney et al. 2015) as well as post-infectious models (McLean et al. 1997; Barreau et al. 2007). While these are good animal models they really only reproduce one or some of the aspects of IBS of the syndrome and tend to lack complete validity. Given the early life psychological stress element of IBS, models such as maternal separation, which was developed to model neglect and abuse (O’Mahony et al. 2011), the limited nesting model, developed to reproduce abuse as a result of an impoverished environment, and the odour attachment learning model which emulates attachment to an abusive caregiver (Prusator and Greenwood-Van Meerveld 2016) have been used. Of these the maternal separation model really displays a robust and reproducible phenotype most similar to the IBS patient with significant alterations throughout the entire brain-gut-microbiota axis. Adding to the validity and usefulness of the separation model is the fact that it models the co-morbidity observed between IBS and psychiatric disorders. This co-morbidity suggests potential common neurobiological pathways involved in the aetiology such as early life stress. Moreover, the overlapping pathophysiologies in systems such as those within the brain-gut-microbiota axis also point towards a shared origin.

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